Network Configuration
Chain IDs, where to find public RPC endpoints, and explorer URLs for Ethereum Classic mainnet (chain 61) and the Mordor testnet (chain 63), ready to drop into MetaMask, Hardhat, Foundry or any EVM-compatible toolchain. Both networks run Proof-of-Work consensus with the Spiral EVM, which matches Shanghai. Olympia, a proposed upgrade whose activation blocks are TBD, would apply to both.
ETC MainnetChain 61
- Chain ID
- 61
- Currency
- ETC
- RPC
- ChainList →
- Explorer
- Blockscout →
- Consensus
- Proof-of-Work
- EVM
- Spiral / Shanghai
- Proposed Upgrade
- Olympia / Glamsterdam (partial)
Mordor TestnetChain 63
- Chain ID
- 63
- Currency
- METC
- RPC
- ChainList →
- Explorer
- Blockscout →
- Consensus
- Proof-of-Work
- EVM
- Spiral / Shanghai
- Proposed Upgrade
- Olympia / Glamsterdam (partial)
ChainList lists the public endpoints Ethereum Classic operators publish, for Ethereum Classic and Mordor. A public endpoint is another operator’s node: it can rate limit, fall behind, or stop. Anything you depend on should run against a node you control.
Developer Tooling
Ethereum Classic’s EVM is the Shanghai set, so Ethereum’s development toolchain works on ETC: Hardhat, Foundry, ethers.js, viem and wagmi connect through a chain configuration. Set Chain ID to 61 and compile for the Shanghai EVM: current Solidity targets a later EVM by default, and code compiled that way can use opcodes ETC does not have. Point your RPC at an endpoint from ChainList or at your own node, and deploy with legacy transactions, since ETC has no EIP-1559 fee market today.
Smart Contract Development
Hardhat
Industry-standard development environment for compiling, testing, and deploying Solidity contracts.
chainId: 61 and evmVersion: "shanghai" in hardhat.config.tsFoundry
A Rust-based toolchain (forge, cast and anvil) with tests written in Solidity.
--rpc-url $ETC_RPC_URL --chain 61 --legacy --evm-version shanghaiRemix IDE
Browser-based Solidity IDE with built-in compiler, debugger, and deployment tools.
EVM version shanghai · Deploy → Injected Provider (MetaMask on Chain 61)OpenZeppelin Contracts
A library for secure smart contract development: standard tokens, access control and upgradeable contracts.
Client Libraries
ethers.js v6
Complete JavaScript library for Ethereum interaction. Wallet management, contract calls, event listening.
new JsonRpcProvider(process.env.ETC_RPC_URL)viem
TypeScript-first Ethereum library. Type-safe contract interactions, ENS, transaction management.
defineChain({ id: 61, name: "Ethereum Classic", ... })web3.py
A Python interface for Ethereum and EVM chains: contracts, accounts and transactions.
Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider(os.environ["ETC_RPC_URL"]))Alloy
Rust libraries for Ethereum and EVM chains: providers, transports and contract bindings.
ProviderBuilder::new().connect_http(rpc_url)wagmi
React hooks for Ethereum. Type-safe wallet connections, contract interactions, and chain management.
chains: [classic], transports: { [classic.id]: http(process.env.ETC_RPC_URL) }Scaffold-ETH 2
Full-stack dApp starter with Next.js, Hardhat, and wagmi. Rapid prototyping for EVM chains.
targetNetworks: [chains.classic]thirdweb SDK
All-in-one Web3 development platform. Deploy contracts, build frontends, manage wallets.
chain: defineChain(61)Wallets
Ledger
Hardware WalletCold storage for ETC on the Ledger Nano S Plus and Nano X.
Trezor
Hardware WalletETC support on Trezor Model T and Trezor Safe. Open-source firmware.
MetaMask
Browser wallet. Add ETC as a custom network with Chain ID 61 and a public RPC endpoint.
Trust Wallet
Mobile wallet with native ETC support. No custom network configuration required.
Rabby
Multi-chain browser wallet with built-in transaction simulation and security checks.
Exodus
A wallet for desktop, mobile and browser, with native ETC support and a built-in exchange.
Infrastructure
ChainList
The public RPC endpoints Ethereum Classic operators publish, with the chain parameters each one needs.
https://chainlist.org/chain/61Blockscout
Open-source block explorer with full API. Contract verification, token tracking, analytics.
https://etc.blockscout.comSourcify
Open-source verification of Solidity and Vyper source against deployed bytecode, on Ethereum Classic and Mordor.
forge verify-contract --verifier sourcify --chain 61Testing & Security
Slither
Static analysis framework by Trail of Bits. Detects vulnerabilities and suggests code and gas improvements.
Mythril
Symbolic execution engine for EVM bytecode. Finds reentrancy, integer overflow, and access control issues.
Echidna
Property-based fuzzer for smart contracts. Write invariants in Solidity and let Echidna find violations.
Medusa
Parallelized, coverage-guided Solidity fuzzer by Trail of Bits, built on go-ethereum and inspired by Echidna.
Aderyn
Solidity static analyzer by Cyfrin, written in Rust, that integrates into your editor.
Wallets for ETC run on hardware, in the browser, on mobile and on the desktop. Compare them at ethereumclassic.com.
Developer Resources
Ethereum’s development infrastructure, configured for Ethereum Classic: client libraries, on-chain analytics and protocol documentation. The EVM matches Ethereum’s through Shanghai, so the standards and the developer experience are already familiar.
Client Implementations
Core-Geth is the recommended client, a go-ethereum downstream released and maintained in the ethereumclassic GitHub organization. Fukuii, an execution client in Scala 3 that Chippr Robotics LLC maintains as a continuation of IOHK’s Mantis, is an alternative to try beside it; its maintainers mark it alpha. ETC plugins for Besu, Erigon, Ethrex, Go-Ethereum, Nethermind and Reth are planned.
Core-Geth
Recommendedgo-ethereum downstreamGo
The recommended client for Ethereum Classic: a go-ethereum downstream released and maintained in the ethereumclassic organization. Run the v1.13 line, which closes all six client CVEs the audits found in the v1.12 client code.
Every v1.12 release ships known-vulnerable code, and one of those flaws was exploited against the Core-Geth v1.12 bootnodes in March 2026, so every node still on a v1.12 release should move to the v1.13 line. The migration guide on coregeth.com takes a node on v1.12.17 or later through the move one step at a time on each platform: its chain data carries over, and its P2P node key is rotated, which is required because CVE-2026-26315 leaks bits of that key. If a step goes wrong, the guide’s rollback puts the v1.12 binary back only while the cause is found, and its last step deletes that binary once the node is stable. A v1.12 node that cannot move yet can read the peer discovery lists and bootnodes the v1.13 line ships, a small step that closes none of the flaws the audits found in the v1.12 line.
Neither route works for a node on a release older than v1.12.17. Those releases do not schedule the Spiral upgrade, so such a node left the Ethereum Classic network at block 19,250,000, on February 5, 2024, and has followed an obsolete chain since. It cannot move in place, and resyncing is its only way back: remove the chain database, rename the P2P node key and install a v1.13 release, which syncs the chain again. The migration guide’s Check what your node runs gives those steps.
Fukuii
Scala
An EVM-compliant execution client in Scala 3 with pluggable consensus, continuing IOHK's Mantis client and maintained by Chippr Robotics LLC. Its maintainers mark it alpha: an alternative to try beside Core-Geth.
View on GitHub →ETC Plugins
Planned compatibility layers for Besu, Erigon, Ethrex, Go-Ethereum, Nethermind and Reth. A plugin is not a client implementation. It adds Ethereum Classic support to a client another project maintains, so that codebase and the decisions about it stay with that project, outside Ethereum Classic's control. A plugin is no substitute for Fukuii, an independent client, or for Core-Geth, a full implementation downstream of go-ethereum.
View all clients →Mining
156.4TH/s
Network Hashrate
Etchash
Mining Algorithm
GPU + ASIC
Compatible Hardware
Ethereum Classic is the only mature Proof-of-Work blockchain with native smart contracts. When Ethereum moved to Proof-of-Stake, ETC absorbed a significant share of its mining infrastructure, and established ASIC manufacturers such as Bitmain and Jasminer now build Etchash hardware. Etchash runs on both ASICs, for commercial operations, and GPUs, which anyone can buy, so hashrate is spread across geographies and supply chain risk is reduced. Run Core-Geth to participate in block production and earn ETC rewards.
Secure the network, earn block rewards.
Network Hashrate
Mining Equipment
The hardware below mines Etchash today, from dedicated ASICs for commercial-scale operations to the consumer GPUs retail miners run, so no single vendor supplies the network’s security.
ASIC Miners
Mining Pools
Active Etchash mining pools contributing to Ethereum Classic's security budget. Pool selection affects expected earnings variance, payout frequency, and infrastructure dependence. Hashrate is estimated from the blocks each pool mined recently, and the largest pools are listed first.
| Pool | Fee | Type | Hashrate · 156.4 TH/s |
|---|---|---|---|
| f2pool.com | 1% | PPS | 83.83 TH/s |
| 2miners.com | 1% / 1.5% | PPLNS / SOLO | 44.73 TH/s |
| k1pool.com | 1% | RBPPS / SOLO | 19.08 TH/s |
| gtpool.io | 1% | PPLNS | 4.22 TH/s |
| pool.kryptex.com | 1% | PPS+ | 3.13 TH/s |
| antpool.com | 1.5% | PPS | 940 GH/s |
| molepool.com | 2% | SOLO | 160 GH/s |
| coolpool.top | 1% | PPLNS / SOLO | 160 GH/s |
| baikalmine.com | 0.75% / 1% | PPS+ / SOLO | 160 GH/s |
| l6pool.com | 0.3% | PPS+ | — |
Show more poolsShow fewer pools
| pool.binance.com | 3% | FPPS | — |
| herominers.com | 0.9% | PROP / SOLO | — |
| cloverpool.com | — | PPLNS | — |
| longpool.org | 1% | PPLNS | — |
| cruxpool.com | 1% | PPS+ | — |
| 666pool.com | 1% | PPLNS / PPS | — |
| okminer.com | 2% | FPPS | — |
| crazypool.org | 1% | PPLNS | — |
| woolypooly.com | 0.9% | PPLNS / SOLO | — |
| ethcore.ru | 0.5% | PPLNS / SOLO | — |
| tpool.io | 0.9% | FPPS | — |
| pool2mine.net | 0.5% | PROP | — |
| solopool.org | 1.5% | SOLO | — |
Hashrate is estimated from the last 1,000 blocks on Blockscout, by each pool’s known payout addresses, and a dash means none of them mined a block in that window. Fees and payout types are as MiningPoolStats lists them, or minerstat for a pool MiningPoolStats does not list.
Payout types
- PPS
- Pay Per Share: Fixed payout per valid share submitted, regardless of whether the pool finds a block. Variance-free for miners; pool bears the risk.
- PPS+
- Pay Per Share Plus: PPS for the block reward, plus a proportional share of transaction fees. Slightly higher expected earnings than standard PPS.
- FPPS
- Full Pay Per Share: PPS that includes an average of expected transaction fees in the per-share rate. Smooths fee income across all miners.
- PPLNS
- Pay Per Last N Shares: Payout proportional to shares submitted in the most recent window. Rewards consistent miners and discourages pool-hopping.
- PROP
- Proportional: Block reward split proportionally among miners who contributed shares to that specific block. Simple, but earnings vary with block luck.
- RBPPS
- Round-Based Pay Per Share: PPS calculated per mining round (block-to-block). Combines the low-variance of PPS with round-scoped accounting.
- SOLO
- Solo Mining via Pool: Miner receives the full block reward if they find a block; nothing if they don't. Pool provides infrastructure only. High variance.
Institutional Products & Market Access
Regulated entry points for institutional capital into the only mature Proof-of-Work smart contract platform. As Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF issuers widen their digital asset products, ETC is positioned as the next Proof-of-Work digital commodity for regulated investment structures. Institutional custody, OTC execution and 300+ exchange markets give professional allocators the infrastructure to build and manage ETC positions at any scale.
Regulated Investment Products
The Grayscale Ethereum Classic Trust (ETCG) has provided regulated securities exposure since 2017, and could take the trust-to-ETF conversion path that GBTC and ETHE took. As the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF issuers (BlackRock, Fidelity, VanEck, 21Shares and others) widen their product suites, ETC is a natural candidate for trust and ETF structures.
ETCG · Est. 2017 · ETF Pipeline
Institutional Custody
Institutional-grade ETC custody from Fireblocks, Coinbase Custody, BitGo, Copper and Bakkt, with MPC and multi-signature security, insurance coverage, and regulated custody for enterprises and fund managers.
Fireblocks · Coinbase Custody · BitGo · Copper · Bakkt
Global Exchange Coverage & OTC
300+ active markets across 20+ major global exchanges. For block-size positions, major OTC desks (Cumberland, Galaxy Digital, B2C2 and others) provide bilateral execution with direct settlement into regulated custody.
300+ Markets · 20+ Exchanges · OTC Available
Wallets, Exchanges & Infrastructure
ETC's global exchange coverage, deep spot liquidity and EVM-native architecture make it a straightforward Proof-of-Work chain to integrate. As a digital commodity candidate in the US, it gives infrastructure products (wallets, exchanges, bridges and oracles) a globally accessible asset that works with standard EVM tooling.
Wallets
Hardware wallets (Ledger, Trezor), browser extensions (MetaMask, Rabby) and mobile wallets (Trust Wallet, Exodus) support ETC. A wallet built for EVM networks adds ETC with a chain configuration, and one that assumes EIP-1559 needs its legacy-transaction setting, since ETC has no EIP-1559 fee market today.
Hardware · Browser · Mobile
Exchanges & Markets
300+ active markets across 20+ major global exchanges, Coinbase, Binance, Kraken and OKX among them. In jurisdictions that distinguish Proof-of-Work assets from Proof-of-Stake ones, ETC's Proof-of-Work consensus is an advantage for listings and structured products.
300+ Markets · 20+ Exchanges · Tier-1 Coverage
Bridges & DEXes
EVM-native contracts support standard bridge and decentralized exchange integrations without protocol changes. ETCswap provides on-chain liquidity in V2 and V3, and cross-chain bridges connect ETC to other networks with the same messaging standards used across EVM chains.
EVM-Native · Standard Bridge Interfaces
Oracles & Data
ETC's long Proof-of-Work block history, the standard Ethereum JSON-RPC APIs and the open Blockscout API make it a reliable base for on-chain data services. Standard EVM event logs, deterministic block ordering and Proof-of-Work timestamps give oracle networks and data indexers the primitives they expect.
Standard JSON-RPC · Blockscout API · EVM Events
Olympia’s Sites
Olympia is a proposal, developed in the open on sites of its own. Its ECIPs are drafts, and the ECIPs repository remains the authority on what it specifies.
The Olympia proposal →